Portugal is, in its physical essence, a maritime territory. With a jurisdiction that is 95% water, our future is influenced not only by our land borders but, above all, by the health of our Atlantic horizon. However, this relationship is at a turning point: the question is no longer if people and companies should act, but how they can lead the transition from an extractive economy to a regenerative one.
The Global Oceans Treaty (BBNJ), which officially entered into force as a legally binding instrument on January 17, 2026, is the most significant tool of our generation.
It achieves what was only a dream twenty years ago when Greenpeace started campaigning for it. For the first time, we have a framework to govern the High Seas (or the "Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction") that constitute 2/3 of our ocean.
Previously, this vast area only had fragmented regulations and unchecked exploitation. The Treaty’s goal is to protect 30% of the oceans by 2030 (30x30). Scientists emphasize that this is the minimum required for marine ecosystems to effectively regenerate and maintain their resilience. For business leaders, this now represents the governance framework shaping the "Blue Economy" through two pillars (amongst others in the Treaty):
● Marine Genetic Resources: Ensuring innovations in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals are equitable and transparent.
● Environmental Impact Assessments: Making it mandatory to evaluate the footprint of any activity in international waters.
In this context, the Sargasso Sea (close to the Azores) emerges as the perfect opportunity. Known as the "golden floating rainforest," this unique ecosystem is structured and sustained by ocean currents rather than by land. It is a vital sanctuary for species like the European eel, sea turtles, sharks and humpback whales.
Protecting this "floating rainforest" against the current plastic pollution, industrial fishing, climate change and potential deep sea mining is crucial. This is about climate stability and survival, as the Sargasso Sea acts as a massive carbon sink.
That is why Portugal should take the global lead in promoting the creation of high-seas sanctuaries, starting with the Sargasso Sea. By championing this first sanctuary, Portugal can demonstrate that its “Ocean Champion” status is grounded in bold diplomatic and ecological action. Additionally, this moment also requires engagement from academia and the private sector. Universities play a key role in monitoring ocean health, advancing science, and informing decision-making, while companies must align innovation and investment with planetary boundaries. Working on the SDG 14 business case, as exemplified by the project in course between the Center for Responsible Business and Leadership at CATÓLICA-LISBON and Fórum Oceano, is a good beginning, but further actions need to be taken.
Leading today means recognizing that without a living ocean there can be no responsible business. This Treaty is our chance to ensure that the "blue" in our economy is not just a color, but a commitment to life.
Ana Farias Fonseca, Mobilization and Campaigns Coordinator - Greenpeace Portugal